UROLOGY AND PROCTOLOGY

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 Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys when substances like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid crystallize in the urine. These stones can vary in size and may cause severe pain when they move through the urinary tract.

• Causes of Kidney Stones

Kidney stones can develop due to several factors, including: Dehydration (not drinking enough water), High intake of salt, protein, or oxalate-rich foods, Genetic predisposition (family history of kidney stones), Urinary tract infections (leading to struvite stones), Certain medical conditions (e.g., hyperparathyroidism, gout)

• Symptoms of Kidney Stones

Severe pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen, Painful urination, Blood in the urine (pink, red, or brown color), Nausea and vomiting, Frequent urge to urinate

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): This non-invasive procedure uses shock waves to break kidney stones into smaller fragments, allowing them to pass naturally through the urinary tract.​

Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy: A thin, flexible scope is inserted through the urethra to locate the stone, which is then fragmented using a laser, facilitating its removal or passage.​

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): Recommended for larger stones, PCNL involves a small incision in the back to directly access and remove the stone from the kidney.​

 Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)—an enlargement of the prostate gland that causes urinary problems in men. It involves removing the enlarged part of the prostate to restore normal urine flow. 

•  Causes of Prostate Enlargement (BPH)

BPH is a common condition that occurs as men age, often due to: Hormonal changes, especially decreased testosterone levels, Genetic predisposition, Long-term urinary retention issues

• Symptoms of Enlarged Prostate (BPH)

Frequent urination, especially at night, Weak urine stream or difficulty starting/stopping urination, Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying, Straining or discomfort while urinating

TURP involves the removal of prostate tissue obstructing urine flow. A resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to access and excise the excess tissue, improving urinary function.​

Benefits: Minimally Invasive: No external incisions are required.​

Symptom Relief: Effectively addresses urinary issues such as frequent urination, weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying.​

Recovery:

Patients typically experience a short hospital stay and can resume normal activities within a few weeks, depending on individual healing and doctor's advice.​